Аннотация: Эта статья посвящена узбекским женщинам, которые сыграли огромную роль в политической и социальной сфере страны во время второй мировой войны.
Ключевые слова: Вторая Мировая война, вдохновение, посвящение, вклад, мирный народ, враг.
Исторические науки
УДК-81-32
Djumayeva Guzal Azizovna
The teacher of Foreign Language department
Karshi Engineering Economic Institute
Джумаева Гузаль Азизовна
Учитель кафедры иностранных языков
Каршинский Инженерно-Экономический Институт
THE ACTIVITY OF THE UZBEK WOMEN IN THE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL LIFE OF THE COUNTRY DURING THE WORLD WAR II
ВКЛАД УЗБЕКСКИХ ЖЕНЩИН В СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКУЮ ЖИЗНЬ СТРАНЫ ВО ВРЕМЕНА ВТОРОЙ МИРОВОЙ ВОЙНЫ
Abstract: This article is devoted to the Uzbek women who played the important role in the political and social sphere of the country during the World War II.
Key words: World War II, inspiration, devotion, contribution, victory, peaceful people, enemy.
Аннотация: Эта статья посвящена узбекским женщинам, которые сыграли огромную роль в политической и социальной сфере страны во время второй мировой войны.
Ключевые слова: Вторая Мировая война, вдохновение, посвящение, вклад, мирный народ, враг.
Our independent country[1] achieved a great progress in the development of our Motherland and the youth put in their contribution to the world society. That’s why in order to develop the youth`s social and political thinking, to revive the love and proud to their Motherland and nationality, it is important to enrich the historical knowledge.
Therefore it is important to study our country`s history .
During the first days of the World War II the working people of Kashkadarya and Surkhandarya regions like the whole population of our country fought against the enemies who destroyed the villages and towns, where the peaceful people, innocent children, old men and women were killed. At that time the people used all their power to struggle. On the 29th June 1941 the government of Sukhandarya region decided to devote their work and power to the front .There were held 570 meetings of the working people . The Surkhandarya people gave 50 million Soviet sums to the welfare state, the collective farms and state farms gave money for the weapon. The Kashkadarya people gave to the welfare state 1661463 sums, 1332 cattle, 321 tons of wheat, 119 tons of vegetables, 15 tons of dried fruits and also they raise 20428 thousands sums to build tanks and airplanes. These are the examples to the devotion, love to the motherland and the mental world features of the working people.
In the moral and educative thinking of the people the great feeling of love to the Motherland and freedom took the important part. These feelings gathered the inspiration of the nation and people, “everything is for the front, everything is for the victory“.
The war changed the people`s minds. Everything was noticed to the efforts, thinking, ability to win of the enemies and return to the still,free life . The love to the Motherland is not only moral feature but also the duty to his country. Fighting for the freedom and not to deliver the duty is the treason and funk .During the war it was criticized for disobeying by moral and educative thinking . The regions organizations, executive committees with the unit fought against the people who disobeyed to participate in the war . The unit of the state government of Kashkadarya region discussed the report of the III – IV quarters in 1942. According to them, there were ordered to the heads of the collective farms and state farms and also to the village community to register all the population, to find out the people unable to serve on the front. It was important to find out the emollients. In the region committees especially in Karshi, Koson, and Shakhrisabz regions were held the lectures, conversations and there were shown the films on theme “In the international law the punishment for the treason and avoidance ”.
The devotion to the Motherland was to fight against the enemy, to liberate each meter in spite of the lose,of course. During 1941 – 1945 to Surkhandarya front there were sent more than 41,5 thousand people, among which were died and lost more than 25 thousand people,[2] .From Kashkadarya more than 47 thousand men among which 95 women and girls fought on the front, nearly 22 thousand people came back wounded and invalids. The died and lost were consisted of 24926 people[3]. 17984 of them were awarded with medals and orders. 11 of the fighters are the Heroes of the Soviet Union, one of them was awarded with the order of “Honour” of three degrees and two of them took part in the parade of Victory on the 9th May 1945. Nowadays from the 629 of war veterans 421 are war invalids. The dead war-fighters families are consisted of 12 people. The war veterans are consisted of 15485 people.
It isn’t the woman’s work to fight in the war .But on the Southern regions of the country,mainly the love- feeling to the Motherland of the youth and the hate to the enemy was so strong that the women and girls went to the front voluntarily. For example, on the front 95 women from Kashkadarya served in the military sanitaria divisions. P.V.Gerasimova fought for the freedom of Byelorussia, Smolensk and other cities. For her heroic deed she was awarded with the order “Kizil Yulduz”. A.I. Margolina was awarded with the medal of “ For the bravery ” for the defense of Moscow and with the order of “ Kizil Yulduz”. Besides them the women from Kashkadarya like N.T. Karkova, E.N.Petrova, J. Husanova, A. Jivilo, M. Hatmulina, E. F. Mirgorod fought for the freedom .
For the war time the party organizations, executive committees sent 18-50 aged people to the front, their political,educative, cultural and national economical works made the hate to the fascists. Later on in the political, educative, cultural and industrial economy works beyond the front themes took a great significance, mainly important for the economy was to produce industrial,agricultural goods and there were also propaganda works to increase the harvest.
The women went to the front instead of men. The main task for the farm agriculture leaders was to involve the women to the collective farms and state farms works .That’s why they paid great attention to the women’s activity.
In Surkhandarya region there were not enough states leaders and administrators so they decided to nominate the women to different state post . In September 1941 there were chosen 14 women to the Party post and 11 to the Soviet and agricultural works. For example, Sharipova was appointed to Denov executive Committee, Valieva to the region Komsomol Committee secretariat, Skonochina to the manageress of the regional Healthcare,Butaeva and Haydarova were appointed as the instructors of the region Party Committee [4].
Holding the propaganda and moral activities among the women, a lot of them became the metalworkers and turners and they worked at the industrial manufacture. In Termez 105 of 269 women involved to work on the cotton cleaning factories [5]. In three months there were involved 771 people to the agricultural works, 464 of them were women. By planning 1030 tractor-drivers there had to be 635 women but from 969 tractor-drivers 601 women finished the tractors course.
Due to the propaganda of the political and moral works among the women in Surkhandarya region there were appointed 144 women to the head post, 685 women to the assistants of collective farm head, 62 women to the assistants of the cattle breeding farm head, 14 women to the collective farms brigadiers and 541 women to the group head of the collective farm[6]. In the first term of 1945 there were lectured 127 lectures and 13529 women participated there .And also there were held meetings about the organizing works in 65 collective farms.
On the Xth Plenum of Uzbekistan K.P there were discussed the matter about the involving women to the economical culture works especially to the elevated posts and then they sent the decisions to the other regions. There were said about the attraction of women to vacancy in collective farms,state farms and factories,it was important to take their work. According to this task the Party Committees of Surkhandarya and Kashkadarya regions made up their mind. For example, In Guzar region there were held 41 women meetings and were discussed the theme “ The women`s place and duty during the war”. 1323 women participated in that action. 26 women had been appointed to the district head post, 6 women to the assistants to the head of collective farms[7].
There were organized the welfare to the families of the servicemen by Central Committee and involving women to the state posts,political educative proceedings increased the status of all Uzbek . And the old outlook and women`s rights humiliation were taken out. These laws helped to the servicemen` families especially to the unattached women as the “object” which was socially - protected and defend from humiliation and irreverence of rights[8] .Thereby, because of spiritual and, educative position a lot of people were evacuated, returned invalids from the war and parentless children came to Uzbekistan where Uzbek people met them friendly and heartily . Since that time they have been living here peacefully and happily.
Literature
[1] Насриддинов.К, Бутаев А, Кашкадарё фронтга .-Карши, Насаф. 1995.-Б.11.
[2]Авлиёкулов.К, Эргашев. Р, Исмоилов Й, Сурхон юлдузлари .- Т.: А.Кодирий номидаги халк мероси нашр.1995.- Б.6
[3] Хотира.Кашкадарё вилояти. Биринчи китоб .1941-1945 йилларидаги урушда халок булган ва бедарак йуколган жанглар .- Т.: Узбекистон, 2004 .- Б.3,5.
[4] Уз.РПДАСВФ 1 жамгарма, 1 –руйхат, 77 –иш,83 – варак.
[5] Уша манба. 84 –варак;
[6] Уша жойда, 88-варак.
[7] УзРПДАКВФ. 1-жамгарма, 1-руйхат,68- иш, 26 – варак;
