Анотация. Резюме существующих методологических подходов к анализу и оценке государственного управления, свидетельствует о необходимости тщательной и объективной оценки параметров выбора функционирования региональной системы, и на их основе разработать методику расчета интегральных показателей, которые отражают и оценивают уровень устойчивого экологического и социально-экономического развития. Учитывая сильные и слабые стороны существующих методологических подходов, в данном исследовании мы предлагаем анализ методики региона и за его состояние, для которого поселение впоследствии служить в качестве информационной базы для прогнозирования будущего оценки эффективности государственного управления.
Ключевые слова: управление, методология, анализ, оценка, интегральный показатель.
Governance
УДК 332.135
Buryk Z. M.
PhD in Public Administration,
Doctoral Student Department of
State Administration and Local Self-Government
LRIPA NAPA, Lviv
TYPES AND CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Abstract. Summary of existing methodological approaches to the analysis and evaluation of public administration, demonstrates the need for thorough and objective assessment of selection parameters functioning of the regional system, and based on them develop the methodology of calculation of integrated indicators that reflect and evaluate the level of sustainable ecological and socio-economic development . Given the strengths and weaknesses of existing methodological approaches, in this study, we propose a technique analysis of the region and for its condition, for which settlement is subsequently serve as information base for future prediction assess the effectiveness of public administration.
Keywords: governance, methodology, analysis, evaluation, integrated indicator.
Анотація. Резюме існуючих методологічних підходів до аналізу й оцінки державного управління, свідчить про необхідність ретельної і об'єктивної оцінки параметрів вибору функціонування регіональної системи, і на їх основі розробити методику розрахунку інтегральних показників, які відображають і оцінюють рівень сталого екологічного та соціально-економічного розвитку. З огляду на сильні і слабкі сторони існуючих методологічних підходів, в даному дослідженні ми пропонуємо аналіз методики регіону і за його стан, для якого поселення згодом служити в якості інформаційної бази для прогнозування майбутнього оцінки ефективності державного управління.
Ключові слова: управління, методологія, аналіз, оцінка, інтегральний показник.
Анотация. Резюме существующих методологических подходов к анализу и оценке государственного управления, свидетельствует о необходимости тщательной и объективной оценки параметров выбора функционирования региональной системы, и на их основе разработать методику расчета интегральных показателей, которые отражают и оценивают уровень устойчивого экологического и социально-экономического развития. Учитывая сильные и слабые стороны существующих методологических подходов, в данном исследовании мы предлагаем анализ методики региона и за его состояние, для которого поселение впоследствии служить в качестве информационной базы для прогнозирования будущего оценки эффективности государственного управления.
Ключевые слова: управление, методология, анализ, оценка, интегральный показатель.
Analysis of recent research and publications. The problems in the methodology of evaluating the effectiveness of public administration, state regulation and state influence much attention paid to such foreign scholars as J. Khola, R. Likert, G. Wright, G. Emerson and others.
The study various aspects of display and analysis evaluating the effectiveness of government pay attention and domestic scientists, in particular, it concerns such areas of scientific research, such as: - political orientation efficiency of public administration in the context of power-party interaction (of Seregina S., P. Nadolishnoho, B . Rebkala Gajewski and B); - The impact of democratic processes on the efficiency of public administration (N. Nyzhnyk [18] V. Melnichenko) - The role of law in increasing the efficiency of public administration (V. Averyanov). The problematic issue of evaluation of sustainable development of the state and state influence on sustainable development pay attention to the following overseas: Swanson, D., Pintér, L., Bergha, F., Volkery, A., Jacob, K., Sen A, Carew-Reid, J ., Prescott-Allen, R., Bass, S., Dalal-Clayton, B., SN Bobыlev and Makeenko PA, Botasheva LS and domestic scientists: Envermeu Omarov Shahin oglu, V. Ilchenko, Duhinets G. Sargsyan and LG, Pyrikov A., BM Danylyshyn, Doroguntsov C . I. and others.
Оbjective. To research and analyze the types and criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of public administration. Discover the essence of the concept of "governance."
Presenting main material. The concept of efficiency - management principle that relates the result (effect) of the intended purposes of or pursuant to administrative spent resursiv¬. So sometimes distinguish effectiveness as an absolute property (effect) and as a property relative effectiveness (actual performance). Efficiency describes the result (effect) in terms of optimal use of resources - material, financial, labor, information [6].
Table 1.
Disclosure of the concept of "effectiveness of government"
|
Definition |
Definition |
Authors |
|
The ratio between the product in the form provided goods (services) and resources used to create them (the ratio between results and resources spent on their creation) |
Efficiency (efficiency) Cost-effectiveness |
P. Epstein, E. Vedunh, V. Knyazev, G. Atamanchuk, V. Tsvetkov, A. Miller Bakumenko V., N. Nyzhnyk, Alexander Obolensky |
|
The degree of progress according to the aim pursued, approval means used and results with the goal |
Efficiency (effectiveness) |
D.Zerkin V.Ihnatov |
|
Practice, practice skills, personal qualities of managers, highly skilled personnel individual performance |
Individual performance |
P.Druker O.Korzhova V.Luhovyy O.Chemerys S.Syerohin V.Knyazyev S.Dubenko |
|
The degree of consistency of concrete political decisions, interest, promotion of democracy and political |
Legitimacy efficiency |
N.Nyzhnyk and N.Naumkina S.Sahanenko S.Syerohin |
|
Achieving their goals organization with limited resources, using the shortest and cheapest way means to achieve the goal |
Efficiency (efficiency)
Effectiveness (efficiency) |
Boris G. Simon Milner, E. Vedunh M. Lesechko, S.Saves |
|
Microclimate, whole, traditions, values, level of organization, motivation system, advanced technology adoption and implementation of management decisions, the use of evidence-based management and more |
efficiency from the position of the components of organizational effectiveness |
R.Laykert, N.Nyzhnyk, A.Chemerys, M.Lesechko, V.Tsvyetkov |
It should be noted that the assessment of efficacy (effectiveness) of state regulation of sustainable development of Ukraine is somewhat different from the efficiency of public administration (as the concept of "state regulation" is a broader concept of "governance" and is closely related to forms of government), which is defined as a set of state measures aimed at directing the behavior of market actors (individuals and entities) in the direction necessary to achieve the purposes of public authorities (government regulation of activity of the state, which is organizing the activities of participants of public relations to ensure its compliance with the law and achieve the desired balance public and private interests), unlike the government which will determine the activities focused regulator organizing influence on the management object (in the practical implementation of laws by the subject as governance and other participants in public relations in its purest form is used in those areas of society where necessary to ensure implementation of priority public interest and the objectives of the state, as a universal organization of society, endowed with public authorities). [10]
That is, given that the control means is focused on the impact on facilities management, using methods that require submission of these objects influence the management of the regulator. The regulation is due not so much influence over the government, but on the environment. It provides a high level of alternative behavior of managed objects [2, c. 28].
In general, one can identify evaluation processes and evaluating the results of government effectiveness (or adjustment). Evaluation process involves the study of what happens in the management (assessment of efficiency). It is used in the early stages of the management for its improvement. Evaluation results concerning outcomes of management and their importance to achieve this goal (impact assessment). If the evaluation process focuses on the involvement of participants, proposed activities, project activities, practical work, evaluation of results focuses on what happened after the system (complex) measures [11].
This classification is supplemented with L. Pal supplementing these subtypes and a further identifies the following evaluation of the effectiveness of government: needs assessment, evaluation processes and evaluation of results. Needs assessment involves isolating problems monitoring the environment and collect information about the new needs of citizens. Evaluation processes focused on what takes place within a specific program or project in their implementation or realization of any activity, determine its strengths and weaknesses. Evaluation results of studies the effects of certain public and administrative actions, such as what happened after the program or policy. This is a difficult task, because the consequences are often explicitly and implicitly related to many factors, and interference of government - only one of them. Measuring performance is designed to assess what price objective was achieved and obtained concrete results. Public management activities can be both effective, but inefficient and vice versa. In any case, the evaluation of the effectiveness is at the final stage of a public-management activities, so the time criterion of this kind can be seen in the context of the evaluation results.
Due to data classification features, we also offer structuring evaluating the effectiveness of state regulation of the sustainable development of the evaluation process and the evaluation of results management and impact on sustainable development of the country, including the establishment of a balance needs (software controlled development of economic, environmental and social components).
Fig.1. Model evaluation process and outcome effectiveness of state regulation of sustainable development *
* The author's own development
In practice, foreign studies related to issues of efficiency of public administration, are three key terms: "productivity", "efficiency", "effectiveness". In similar terms based and Swedish experience of assessing the effectiveness of public administration (government influence), which has an informal name Conception of three "E" (economy, efficiency and effectiveness) [4, p. 29].
Basically reduced to evaluating the effectiveness of the evaluation. Thus, the Swedish experience based on the assessment of public institutions, which has an informal name "The concept of the three" E "(economy, efficiency and effectiveness) - a model of efficiency, effectiveness and impact of the" contribution - product "[1, p. 29].
Swedish researcher with the assessment of state authorities E. Vedunh also uses the "contribution - product", which was developed by the European Union (hereinafter - EU) for the evaluation of certain projects. It is wider and it is still a concept and performance.
The first indicator that identifies E. Vedunh for assessing governance - a performance (which corresponds to the term "efficiency" in the classic sense. For this analogy to maximize performance should be good norm of public authorities. According to the author, the performance is very clear concept and is defined as the ratio between the volume of production and services and resources invested in it [5, p. 104].
Performance Indicator (in the classical sense of effectiveness) by pidpokaznyky divides into two: the effectiveness of a "cost-benefit" and efficiency as "cost - effectiveness" (cost effectiveness, results and value is spent on costs). It is advisable to emphasize that this approach is supported not only E. Vedunh, but scientists such as P. Rossi, H. Frimon [13, p. 375] G. Buhart [7, p. 70]. Last distinguish approach from a position of release (in the context of the resulting effect and results). Another approach is based on the results obtained, and the attention is not focused on the issues of the product and the ways to obtain (approach from the perspective effect) [7, p. 70]. The performance is considered a researcher as the degree of achievement of goals.
In pure performance, according to E. Vedunha - is the goal of evaluation (key objectives) excluding costs incurred that are taken into account only to the extent the objectives and impact assessment of the results
Comprehensive model of evaluating the effectiveness of government sustainable development (Fig. 2).
Fig. 2. Model of economy, efficiency and effectiveness of state authority "contribution - product" *
* Source: compiled by the author based on [Artym Vedunh]
American researcher E. Savas (E. S. Savas) also classifies performance by two types (according to the possibility of measurement):
Studies Vladimir Tsvetkov find the following concepts: economic efficiency, performance target, organizational effectiveness. Thus, the economic efficiency of management is considered as a result of the management system, providing at the lowest cost to achieve the object management goal (in the classical approach - efficiency). The target efficiency is defined as the result of coordination purposes (performance objectives) [12, p. 37]. Organizational effectiveness is the best form of relationship of elements of the system, which makes it the most effective in achieving [12, p. 39].
There are functional efficiency (efficiency of operation, effective performance), calculated as the ratio of results to the objectives and economic efficiency, calculated as the ratio of results to cost resources. This distinction should be considered essential because the classic definition of efficiency above all comes down to calculating cost-benefit ratio (cost optimality) [6].
G. Atamanchuk in their research identifies different types of effects, defines performance criteria, which classifies the scheme:
AD Ursul offers the following perspective on universally recognized classification of performance. According to him, the second and third parameters specify only one type of efficiency - costly (economic). And the optimal cost - is repeated, the original characteristics of productive efficiency, which is the ratio of results to goals. Productive efficiency is, in turn, derived from potrebnisnoyi efficiency, which is calculated as the ratio of goals to the needs, ideals and standards. If potrebnisnu dedicated, efficient and cost efficiency ratios express the corresponding P / P, P / C and R / C, where C - the target P - needs P - results, - the cost, the integrated concept of efficiency correspond to formula 1:
E = P / P * P / C * P / A (1)
If the target expresses a need of society (C / P = 1), the effectiveness is reduced to two components - an effective and cost-effective. This definition allows species efficiency, making its transformation, deepen content analysis of the concepts of efficiency. Thus, the expression (1) can be presented as a 2 .:
E = (C / P * R / D) * P / A (2)
and after reduction target component reduced to a 3:
E = P / P * P / A (3)
reflecting the essential aspects like efficiency characteristics result in terms of social needs and costs.
To evaluate the effectiveness of three researchers believe enough of the above, as a result, time and material and financial resources. Thus, we can conclude that efficiency - is part of a complete property. Efficiency, measured by the result usually is the basis for management decisions. [12]
CONCLUSIONS
Accordingly, in our opinion, are related types efficacy of state influence on the sustainable development of the country (Ukraine):
References
